Galectin-3
Galectin-3 is structurally part of a family of multifunctional beta-galactoside-binding lectins that play an important role in the regulation of inflammation, immunity and cancer. An increase in Galectin-3 levels is associated with inflammation and fibrosis processes, which makes a major contribution to the pathophysiological mechanisms and the development of heart failure.
The role of Galectin-3. Elevated levels of Galectin-3 indicate cardiac fibrosis and pathological changes in the myocardium of the heart. The connection between the inflammatory process and fibrosis, which is found in the late stage of heart failure, is important. Over-production of galectin-3, specific for heart failure, leads to the proliferation of fibroblasts, which secrete collagen and form scar tissue. Elevated Galectin-3 levels are associated with:
- adverse cardiac events
- increase risk of hospitalization
- death
The Galectin-3 test is an additional tool for the clinician in assessing prognosis in patients with chronic heart failure who are at high risk for adverse prognosis and hospitalization. Using the results of this test together with the clinical picture can help in making a clinical decision.
Galectin 3 has a special place in the era of “post-covid” complications, when one of the most common complications is- myocarditis (inflammation of the membranes of the heart). As you know, any inflammation leads to the formation of fibrous tissue. But in this case, there are two main scenarios:
- After inflammation, the heart tissues regenerate, and the condition returns approximately to the "pre-COVID".
- A "fibrous tissue" forms in the heart, and this process progresses. In the second, unfavorable scenario, it is very important to monitor the level of Galectin 3, since the progression of this process can lead to serious consequences (impaired conduction, abnormal heart rhythms, heart failure).