Insulin-like growth factor I, IGF-1

Insulin-like growth factor-1 is a hormone regulating the process of cell growth, development and differentiation. Its chemical structure is similar to insulin. The insulin-like effect of the hormone is to participate in the metabolism of glucose in the body. Its synonym is SOMATOMEDIN C, as it mediates somatotropic hormone. IGF-1 was discovered in 1978 and used successfully in sports, but 10 years later, side-effects of taking such a drug were discovered to be liver and spleen damage and carcinogenic. An interesting fact is that Pygmies (the tiniest people on Earth) have this kind of height because of their innate resistance to the effects of IGF-1.

The clinical relevance of the test is to determine the cause of abnormal growth (stunting or acceleration) of the child. The main growth hormone is usually considered to be somatotropic hormone, but it only has an effect when it reacts with IGF-1. The amounts of these two hormones are mutually dependent: a low IGF-1 concentration is a sign of a lack of CTH. A normal level of IGF-1 is a strong indication against a deficiency of CTH.

IGF-1 is a diagnostic criterion for acromegaly (gigantism): The blood levels of the hormone will be permanently elevated, unlike CTH. The test is necessary to establish the cause of nanism (dwarfism), as IGF deficiency is possible with normal levels of CTH. It also shows the effectiveness of the current therapy for both diseases.

The insulin-like effect of the hormone is to participate in glucose metabolism in the body.

An increased concentration of IGF-1 is a risk factor for cancer, as it inhibits apoptosis, the programmed death of damaged cells.

Blood levels of IGF-1 are increased by: insulin, androgens, estrogens and steroid hormones. Glucocorticoids - reduces the level of IGF-1.

The reasons for changes in IGF-1 levels can be divided into two groups:

FIRST:

• Genetic diseases;
• Diseases of the hypothalamic-pituitary system.

SECONDARY:

• Starvation;
• Pathology of liver, adrenal glands;
• Diabetes mellitus;
• Taking hormonal drugs.